ISO 13628-7 adalah Standar Internasional mengenai industri minyak bumi dan gas alam (migas), khususnya tentang completion/workover riser systems untuk desain dan pengoperasian sistem produksi bawah laut.
Standar versi terbaru yang masih berlaku adalah terbitan tahun 2005 dengan judul berikut :
- ISO 13628-7:2005 Petroleum and natural gas industries — Design and operation of subsea production systems — Part 7: Completion/workover riser systems
Peninjauan dan konfirmasi dari standar ini terakhir dilakukan pada tahun 2017, oleh karena itu versi ini masih dinyatakan tetap berlaku hingga saat ini.
Standar ISO 13628-7:2005
ISO 13628-7:2005 memberikan persyaratan dan rekomendasi untuk desain, analisis, material, fabrikasi, pengujian, dan pengoperasian sistem riser subsea completion/workover (C/WO) yang dijalankan dari floating vessel.
Ini berlaku untuk semua sistem riser C/WO baru dan dapat diterapkan pada modifikasi, pengoperasian sistem yang ada, dan penggunaan kembali di lokasi yang berbeda dan dengan floating vessel yang berbeda.
ISO 13628-7:2005 dimaksudkan untuk menjadi acuan umum bagi desainer, produsen dan operator/pengguna, sehingga mengurangi kebutuhan akan spesifikasi perusahaan.
ISO 13628-7:2005 terbatas pada riser, dibuat dari baja karbon paduan rendah.
Riser yang dibuat dari material khusus seperti titanium, material komposit, dan pipa fleksibel berada di luar cakupan ISO 13628-7:2005.
Peralatan khusus yang dicakup oleh ISO 13628-7:2005 termasuk :
- riser joints, connectors; workover control systems; surface flow trees, surface tree tension frames, lower workover riser packages, lubricator valves, retainer valves, subsea test trees, shear subs, tubing hanger orientation systems, swivels, annulus circulation hoses, riser spiders, umbilical clamps, handling and test tools, tree cap running tools
Peralatan terkait yang tidak tercakup dalam ISO 13628-7:2005 termasuk :
- tubing hangers, internal and external tree caps, tubing hanger running tools, surface coiled tubing units, surface wireline units, surface tree kill and production jumpers.
Pengantar Standar
Sebagaimana tercantum dalam “Klausa 0 Introduction”, bahwa :
Bagian dari ISO 13628 ini telah disiapkan untuk memberikan persyaratan umum, rekomendasi, dan panduan keseluruhan bagi pengguna untuk berbagai area yang memerlukan pertimbangan selama pengembangan sistem produksi bawah laut.
Persyaratan fungsional yang ditentukan dalam bagian ISO 13628 ini memungkinkan alternatif agar sesuai dengan persyaratan lapangan tertentu.
Bagian dari ISO 13628 ini merupakan standar sistem riser C/WO secara keseluruhan.
Persyaratan fungsional untuk komponen yang terdiri dari sistem dan persyaratan terperinci untuk desain dan analisis pipa riser dan konektor disertakan di sini.
Bagian ISO 13628 ini dikembangkan berdasarkan API RP 17G:1995, dan dokumen terkait lainnya tentang sistem produksi bawah laut.
Pengguna bagian ISO 13628 ini perlu menyadari bahwa persyaratan lebih lanjut atau berbeda mungkin diperlukan untuk aplikasi individual.
Bagian dari ISO 13628 ini tidak dimaksudkan untuk menghalangi vendor untuk menawarkan, atau pembeli untuk menerima, peralatan alternatif atau solusi rekayasa untuk aplikasi individual.
Ini mungkin terutama berlaku di mana ada teknologi yang inovatif atau berkembang.
Jika alternatif ditawarkan, merupakan tanggung jawab vendor untuk mengidentifikasi variasi apa pun dari bagian ISO 13628 ini dan memberikan detailnya.
Penerbitan Standar ISO 13628-7:2005
Standar ini diterbitkan dan dipublikasikan pada November 2005, berupa dokumen edisi 1 dengan jumlah halaman sebanyak 242 lembar.
Disusun oleh :
- Technical Committee ISO/TC 67/SC 4 Drilling and production equipment, atau : Komite Teknis ISO/TC 67/SC 4 Peralatan pengeboran dan produksi.
ICS :
- 75.180.10 Exploratory, drilling and extraction equipment, atau : 75.180.10 Peralatan eksplorasi, pengeboran dan ekstraksi
Sebagaimana standar ISO lainnya, ISO 13628-7:2005 ini juga ditinjau setiap 5 tahun dan peninjauan sudah mencapai tahap 90.20 (dalam peninjauan).
Isi Standar ISO 13628-7:2005
Berikut adalah kutipan isi Standar ISO 13628-7:2005 yang diambil dari Online Browsing Platform (OBP) dari situs resmi iso.org.
Yang ditambah dengan berbagai keterangan dan informasi untuk mempermudah pemahaman pembaca.
Hanya bagian standar yang informatif yang tersedia untuk umum, OBP hanya menampilkan hingga klausa 3 saja.
Oleh karena itu, untuk melihat konten lengkap dari standar ini, maka pembaca harus membeli standar dari ISO ini secara resmi.
Daftar Isi Standar ISO 13628-7:2005
- Foreword
- Introduction
- 1 Scope
- 2 Normative references
- 3 Terms, definitions, abbreviated terms and symbols
- 3.1 Terms and definitions
- 3.2 Abbreviated terms
- 3.3 Symbols
- 4 System requirements
- 4.1 Purpose
- 4.2 Description of C/WO riser systems
- 4.3 System engineering
- 4.4 System definition
- 4.5 System design
- 4.6 System review
- 4.7 Modes of operation
- 4.8 Design principles
- 4.9 Operational principles
- 4.10 Safety principles
- 4.11 Barrier requirements
- 4.12 Regulations, codes and standards
- 4.13 Operational requirements
- 4.14 Requirements for organization and personnel qualifications
- 4.15 Quality system
- 4.16 Documentation, records and traceability
- 4.17 Verification
- 4.18 Purchaser/user’s responsibility
- 4.19 Manufacturer’s responsibility
- 5 Functional requirements
- 5.1 Purpose
- 5.2 System functional requirements
- 5.3 Drift requirements
- 5.4 Component requirements
- 5.5 Workover control system
- 6 Design requirements
- 6.1 Purpose
- 6.2 Design principles
- 6.3 Loads and load effects
- 6.4 Component design criteria
- 6.5 Pipe design criteria
- 6.6 Connectors
- 6.7 Design criteria for miscellaneous components
- 7 Materials and fabrication
- 7.1 Introduction
- 7.2 General material requirements
- 7.3 Products
- 7.4 Manufacture and fabrication
- 7.5 Visual inspection and non-destructive testing
- 7.6 Qualification of assembly (make-up) procedures and assemblers
- 8 Testing
- 8.1 General
- 8.2 Pretest requirements
- 8.3 Pressure testing
- 8.4 Hydraulic cleanliness
- 8.5 Qualification testing
- 8.6 Riser equipment and FAT
- 8.7 Workover control system and FAT
- 8.8 System integration tests
- 8.9 System pressure test
- 9 Marking, storage and shipping
- 9.1 Riser joints
- 9.2 Components
- 9.3 Workover control system and hydraulic equipment
- 10 Inspection, maintenance, reassessment and monitoring
- 10.1 General
- 10.2 Inspection and maintenance
- 10.3 Reassessment of risers
- 10.4 Monitoring
- 11 Documentation
- 11.1 Purpose
- 11.2 General
- 11.3 Design basis
- 11.4 Design analysis
- 11.5 Connector documentation
- 11.6 Manufacture and fabrication
- 11.7 As-built documentation
- 11.8 Design and fabrication résumé
- 11.9 Installation and operation manual(s)
- 11.10 Condition résumé
- 11.11 Filing of documentation
Lampiran
- Annex A Standardization of the C/WO riser interface (vertical tree)
- Annex B Operational modes and global riser system analysis
- B.1 Introduction
- B.2 Operation modes
- B.3 Global riser analysis
- Annex C Fatigue analysis and assessment
- C.1 Introduction
- C.2 Stresses to be considered
- C.3 S-N curves
- C.4 Stress concentration factors for girth-welded pipes
- C.5 Global fatigue analysis
- C.6 Cumulative fatigue damage calculations
- C.7 Fatigue crack growth assessment
- C.8 Improvements of fatigue life by fabrication
- C.9 Extended fatigue life
- Annex D Structural resistance methods
- D.1 Introduction
- D.2 Excessive yielding
- Annex E Example calculations for pipe pressure design
- E.1 Introduction
- E.2 Design basis
- E.3 Initial sizing
- Annex F Purchasing guideline
- Annex G Bolt preload
- G.1 Bolt preload and parameters
- G.2 Bolt preload
- G.3 Scatter values for bolting-up methods
- Annex H Seals
- H.1 General
- H.2 Metal-to-metal seals
- H.3 Soft seals
- Annex I Qualification of connectors
- I.1 Introduction
- I.2 Hydrostatic testing
- I.3 Pressure and temperature cycling tests
- I.4 Internal pressure (burst) strength
- I.5 External load testing
- I.6 External load cycling testing
- I.7 External pressure testing
- I.8 Functionality tests
- I.9 Optional tests
- I.10 Documentation
- Bibliography
Kata pengantar
Sebagaimana tercantum dalam “Klausa 0 Foreword”, bahwa :
ISO (Organisasi Internasional untuk Standardisasi) adalah federasi badan standar nasional (badan anggota ISO) di seluruh dunia.
Pekerjaan mempersiapkan Standar Internasional biasanya dilakukan melalui komite teknis ISO.
Setiap badan anggota yang tertarik pada suatu topik yang untuknya komite teknis telah dibentuk berhak untuk diwakili dalam komite tersebut.
Organisasi internasional, pemerintah dan non-pemerintah, bekerja sama dengan ISO, juga ambil bagian dalam pekerjaan tersebut.
ISO bekerja sama erat dengan International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) dalam semua masalah standardisasi elektroteknik.
Standar Internasional disusun sesuai dengan aturan yang diberikan dalam Arahan ISO/IEC, Bagian 2.
Tugas utama panitia teknis adalah menyiapkan Standar Internasional.
Rancangan Standar Internasional yang diadopsi oleh komite teknis diedarkan ke badan-badan anggota untuk pemungutan suara.
Publikasi sebagai Standar Internasional memerlukan persetujuan setidaknya 75% dari badan anggota yang memberikan suara.
Perhatian diberikan pada kemungkinan bahwa beberapa elemen dari dokumen ini dapat menjadi subyek hak paten.
ISO tidak bertanggung jawab untuk mengidentifikasi salah satu atau semua hak paten tersebut.
Penyusunan Standar
ISO 13628-7 disiapkan oleh :
- Technical Committee ISO/TC 67, Materials, equipment and offshore structures for petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries, Subcommittee SC 4, Drilling and production equipment.
- atau : Komite Teknis ISO/TC 67, Material, peralatan dan struktur lepas pantai untuk industri minyak bumi, petrokimia dan gas alam, Subkomite SC 4, Peralatan pengeboran dan produksi.
ISO 13628 terdiri dari bagian-bagian berikut, di bawah judul umum “Petroleum and natural gas industries — Design and operation of subsea production systems (Industri minyak dan gas alam — Desain dan pengoperasian sistem produksi bawah laut)” :
- — Part 1: General requirements and recommendations
- — Part 2: Unbonded flexible pipe systems for subsea and marine applications
- — Part 3: Through flowline (TFL) systems
- — Part 4: Subsea wellhead and tree equipment
- — Part 5: Subsea umbilicals
- — Part 6: Subsea production control systems
- — Part 7: Completion/workover riser systems
- — Part 8: Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) interfaces on subsea production systems
- — Part 9: Remotely Operated Tool (ROT) intervention systems
- — Part 10: Specification for bonded flexible pipe
- — Part 11: Flexible pipe systems for subsea and marine applications
Mengenal ISO dan IEC
ISO (International Organization for Standardization) adalah suatu organisasi atau lembaga nirlaba internasional.
Tujuan dari ISO adalah untuk membuat dan memperkenalkan standar dan standardisasi internasional untuk berbagai tujuan.
Sebagaimana dengan ISO, IEC juga merupakan organisasi standardisasi internasional yang menyusun dan menerbitkan standar-standar internasional.
Namun ruang lingkupnya adalah untuk seluruh bidang elektrik, elektronik dan teknologi yang terkait atau bidang teknologi elektro (electrotechnology).
Lebih jelas mengenai ISO dan IEC dapat dibaca pada artikel lain dari standarku.com berikut :
ISO 13628-7:2005 Klausa 1-3
1 Scope : Lingkup
Bagian ISO 13628-7:2005 memberikan persyaratan dan rekomendasi untuk desain, analisis, material, fabrikasi, pengujian, dan pengoperasian sistem riser subsea completion/workover (C/WO) yang dijalankan dari floating vessel.
Ini berlaku untuk semua sistem riser C/WO baru dan dapat diterapkan pada modifikasi, pengoperasian sistem yang ada, dan penggunaan kembali di lokasi yang berbeda dan dengan floating vessel yang berbeda.
Bagian dari ISO 13628 ini dimaksudkan untuk menjadi referensi umum bagi desainer, produsen dan operator/pengguna, sehingga mengurangi kebutuhan akan spesifikasi perusahaan.
ISO 13628-7:2005 terbatas pada riser, dibuat dari baja karbon paduan rendah.
Riser yang dibuat dari material khusus seperti titanium, material komposit, dan pipa fleksibel berada di luar cakupan ISO 13628-7:2005.
Peralatan khusus yang tercakup dalam bagian ISO 13628 ini tercantum sebagai berikut:
- — riser joints;
- — connectors;
- — workover control systems;
- — surface flow trees;
- — surface tree tension frames;
- — lower workover riser packages;
- — lubricator valves;
- — retainer valves;
- — subsea test trees;
- — shear subs;
- — tubing hanger orientation systems;
- — swivels;
- — annulus circulation hoses;
- — riser spiders;
- — umbilical clamps;
- — handling and test tools;
- — tree cap running tools.
Peralatan terkait yang tidak tercakup dalam bagian ISO 13628 ini tercantum di bawah ini:
- — tubing hangers;
- — internal and external tree caps;
- — tubing hanger running tools;
- — surface coiled tubing units;
- — surface wireline units;
- — surface tree kill and production jumpers.
2 Normative references : Referensi normatif
Dokumen referensi berikut sangat diperlukan untuk penerapan dokumen ini.
Untuk referensi bertanggal, hanya edisi yang dikutip yang berlaku.
Untuk referensi yang tidak bertanggal, berlaku edisi terbaru dari dokumen yang diacu (termasuk amandemennya).
1-20
- ISO 148, Steel — Charpy impact test (V-notch)
- ISO 377, Steel and steel products — Location and preparation of samples and test pieces for mechanical testing
- ISO 783, Metallic materials — Tensile testing at elevated temperature
- ISO 898-1, Mechanical properties of fasteners made of carbon steel and alloy steel — Part 1: Bolts, screws and studs
- ISO 898-2, Mechanical properties of fasteners — Part 2: Nuts with specified proof load values — Coarse thread
- ISO 1461, Hot dip galvanized coatings on fabricated iron and steel articles — Specifications and test methods
- ISO 3183 (all parts), Petroleum and natural gas industries — Steel pipe for pipelines — Technical delivery conditions
- ISO 2566-1, Steel — Conversion of elongation values — Part 1: Carbon and low alloy steels
- ISO 4885, Ferrous products — Heat treatment — Vocabulary
- ISO 6507-1, Metallic materials — Vickers hardness test — Part 1: Test method
- ISO 6892, Metallic materials — Tensile testing at ambient temperature
- ISO 9327-1, Steel forgings and rolled or forged bars for pressure purposes — Technical delivery conditions — Part 1: General requirements
- ISO 9606-1, Approval testing of welders — Fusion welding — Part 1: Steels
- ISO 9712, Non-destructive testing — Qualification and certification of personnel
- ISO 10423:2003, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Drilling and production equipment — Wellhead and christmas tree equipment
- ISO 10432, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Downhole equipment — Subsurface safety valve equipment
- ISO 10474, Steel and steel products — Inspection documents
- ISO 10945, Hydraulic fluid power — Gas-loaded accumulators — Dimensions of gas ports
- ISO 11960:2001, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Steel pipes for use as casing or tubing for wells
- ISO 11961, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Steel pipes for use as drill pipe — Specification
21-30
- ISO 13533:2001, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Drilling and production equipment — Drill-through equipment
- ISO 13535, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Drilling and production equipment — Hoisting equipment
- ISO 13628-2, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Design and operation of subsea production systems — Part 2: Unbonded flexible pipe systems for subsea and marine applications
- ISO 13628-4:1999, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Design and operation of subsea production systems — Part 4: Subsea wellhead and tree equipment
- ISO 13628-5, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Design and operation of subsea production systems — Part 5: Subsea umbilicals
- ISO 13628-6:2000, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Design and operation of subsea production systems — Part 6: Subsea production control systems
- ISO 14693, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Drilling and well-servicing equipment
- ISO 15156-1, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Materials for use in H2S-containing environments in oil and gas production — Part 1: General principles for selection of cracking-resistant materials
- ISO 15156-2:2003, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Materials for use in H2S-containing environments in oil and gas production — Part 2: Cracking-resistant carbon and low alloy steels, and the use of cast irons
- ISO 15156-3, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Materials for use in H2S-containing environments in oil and gas production — Part 3: Cracking-resistant CRAs (corrosion-resistant alloys) and other alloys
31-49
- ISO 17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories
- ISO 15579, Metallic materials — Tensile testing at low temperature
- API 1) Spec 7 2), Rotary Drill Stem Elements
- API Spec 16C, Specification for Choke and Kill Systems
- API RP 17B, Recommended Practice for Flexible Pipe
- ASME 3), Boiler and pressure vessel code, Section VIII:2001, Rules for construction of pressure vessels, Division 1
- ASME, Boiler and pressure vessel code, Section IX:2001, Welding and brazing qualification
- ASTM A193, Standard Specification for Alloy-Steel and Stainless Steel Bolting Materials for High-Temperature Service
- ASTM A194, Standard Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Nuts for Bolts for High Pressure and High Temperature Service
- ASTM A320, Standard Specification for Alloy-Steel and Stainless Steel Bolting Materials for Low-Temperature Service
- ASTM 4) A370, Standard Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products
- ASTM A508, Standard Specification for Quenched and Tempered Vacuum-Treated Carbon and Alloy Steel Forgings for Pressure Vessels
- BS 5) 7201, Hydro-pneumatic accumulators for fluid power purposes — Part 1: Specification for seamless steel accumulator bodies above 0,5 l water capacity
- EN 6) 287-1, Qualification test of welders — Fusion welding — Part 1: Steels
- EN 288 (all parts), Specification and approval of welding procedures for metallic materials
- EN 1418, Welding personnel — Approval testing of welding operators for fusion welding and resistance weld setters for fully mechanized and automatic welding of metallic materials
- IEC 7) 60089-0, Electrical apparatus for explosive gas atmospheres — Part 0: General Requirements, Fourth Edition
- MSS 8) SP-25, Standard Marking Systems for Valves, Fittings, Flanges and Unions
- SAE 9) AS 4059, Aerospace fluid power — Cleanliness classification for hydraulic systems
Daftar Pustaka atau Bibliography :
1-15
- [1] API RP 2A-WSD:2000, Planning, Designing and Constructing Fixed Offshore Platforms – Working Stress Design
- [2] API RP 2RD:1998, Design of Risers for Floating Production Systems (FPSs) and Tension-Leg Platforms (TLPs)
- [3] API RP 2SK:1997, Design and Analysis of Stationkeeping Systems for Floating Structures
- [4] API Bull 6AF:1995, Capabilities of API Flanges Under Combinations of Load, 2nd Edition
- [5] API Bull 6AF1:1998, Temperature De-rating of API Flanges Under Combination of Loading, 2nd Edition
- [6] API Bull 6AF2:1999, Capabilities of API Integral Flanges Under Combination of Loading, 2nd Edition
- [7] API Bull 6J:1992, Testing of Oilfield Elastomers (A Tutorial), 1st Edition, (ANSI/API Bull 6J-1992)
- [8] API RP 16Q:1993, Design, Selection, Operation and Maintenance of Marine Drilling Riser Systems
- [9] API RP 17G:1995, Design and Operation of Completion/Workover Riser Systems
- [10] API RP 579, Recommended practice for fitness-for-service, 1st Edition
- [11] ASTM A 182, Standard Specification for Forged or Rolled Alloy-Steel Pipe Flanges, Forged Fittings, and Valves and Parts for High-Temperature Service
- [12] ASTM A 694, Standard Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Forgings for Pipe Flanges, Fittings, Valves, and Parts for High-Pressure Transmission Service
- [13] ASTM A 707, Standard Specification for Forged Carbon and Alloy Steel Flanges for Low-Temperature Service
- [14] BS 7448-1:1991, Fracture mechanics toughness tests. Method for determination of KIc, critical CTOD and critical J values of metallic materials
- [15] BS 7448-2:1997, Fracture mechanics toughness tests. Method for determination of KIc, critical CTOD and critical J values of welds in metallic materials
16-30
- [16] BS 7910, Guide on methods for assessing the acceptability of flaws in fusion welded structures
- [17] DNV RP-C203:2001, Fatigue strength analysis of offshore steel structure,Det Norkse Veritas
- [18] HSE 1990, Guidance on design, construction and certification, 4th Edition (including February 1995 amendments), HMSO, London, UK
- [19] ISO 4287:1997, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) – Surface texture: Profile method – Terms, definitions and surface texture parameters
- [20] ISO 9000-1:1994, Quality management and quality assurance standards — Part 1: Guidelines for selection and use
- [21] ISO TR 9769:1991, Steel and iron — Review of available methods for analysis
- [22] ISO 13628-1, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Design and operation of subsea production systems — Part 1: General requirements and recommendations
- [23] IMO circular 645, Guideline for vessels with dynamic positioning systems, 6 June 1994
- [24] EN 1591-1:2001, Flanges and their joints — Design rules for gasketed circular flange connections — Part 1: Calculation method
- [25] EN 1591-2:2001, Flanges and their joints — Design rules for gasketed circular flange connections — Part 2: Gasket parameter
- [26] BLEVIN, R.D., Formulas for natural frequency and mode shape, Krieger, 1984
- [27] Fatigue Handbook – Offshore Steel Structures, Ed. A. Almar-Næss, Tapir Publishers, Trondheim, 1985
- [28] HAAGENSEN, P.J., DRÅGEN, A., SLIND, T. and ØRJASÆTER, O.: Prediction of the improvement in fatigue life of welded joints due to grinding, tig dressing, weld shape control and shot peening. Steel in Marine Structures, edited by C. Noorhook and J. deBack, Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., Amsterdam, 1987, pp. 689-69
- [29] LARSEN, C.M. and HALSE, K.H., Comparison of models for vortex-induced vibrations of slender marine structures. In Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Flow-induced Vibrations, London UK, pp. 467-482, 1995
- [30] MADDOX, S.J., MACDONALD, K.A. and HAAGENSEN, P.J., Guidance for fatigue design and assessment of pipeline girth welds, International Institute of Welding doc. XIII-1823-2000, May 2000
31-38
- [31] NIEMI, E. (Ed), Stress determination for fatigue analysis of welded components, International Institute of Welding, Abington Publishing, Abington, Cambridge 1995
- [32] PANTAZOPOULOS, M.S., Vortex-induced vibration parameters: Critical review. In Proceedings OMAE, 1994
- [33] ROONEY, P.P., ENGEBRETSEN, K.B. and PETTERSEN, D.J., TLP rigid riser: A case study, OTC 6435, May 1990
- [34] VANDIVER, J.K., Dimensionless parameters important to the prediction of vortex-induced vibration of long, flexible cylinders in ocean currents, Journal of Fluids and Structures, 7, pp. 423-455, 1993
- [35] KIRKEMO, F., Burst and gross plastic deformation limit state equations for pipes – Part 1: Theory, Proceedings of the International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers (ISOPE), 2001
- [36] KIRKEMO, F. and HOLDEN, H., Burst and gross plastic deformation limit state equations for pipes – Part 2: Applications, Proceedings of the International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers (ISOPE), 2001
- [37] ASME PCC 1-2000, Guidelines for pressure boundary bolted flange joint assembly, An American National Standard, 2001
- [38] Petersons’s stress concentration factors/Walter D. Pikley. 2nd Edition, 1997, published by John Wiley & Sons, ISBN 0-471-53849-3
Penutup
Demikian artikel dari standarku.com mengenai Standar ISO 13628-7:2005.
Mohon saran dari pembaca untuk kelengkapan isi artikel ini, silahkan saran tersebut dapat disampaikan melalui kolom komentar.
Baca artikel lain :
- ISO 13628-1 subsea production systems
- ISO 13628-2 flexible pipe systems
- ISO 13628-3 sistem flowline TFL Migas
- ISO 13628-4 subsea wellhead
- ISO 13628-5 Subsea Umbilicals
- ISO 13628-8 Remotely Operated Vehicle ROV
- ISO 13628-9 Remotely Operated Tool
- Mengenal organisasi ISO, standardisasi internasional
- Memahami apa itu Standar ISO
- Memahami Standard atau Standar
- Mengenal dan Memahami ISO TS 29001 untuk Migas
- Standar API untuk industri migas
- Standar Emisi Gas Buang Euro 4 di Indonesia
Sumber referensi :